refactor: 优化配置管理和异常处理

- 添加YAML配置文件支持
- 改进camera_manager异常处理
- 添加类型提示和URL验证
- 完善依赖注入支持测试
- 新增健康检查API端点

app/routes/main.py

@@ -3,46 +3,91 @@
 """
 import logging
 from datetime import datetime
-from flask import render_template, jsonify, request
+from typing import Dict, Any, List
+
+from flask import Flask, render_template, jsonify, request
+
 from app.camera_manager import CameraManager
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-# 创建摄像头管理器实例（全局）
-camera_manager = CameraManager()
+# 创建摄像头管理器实例（可通过依赖注入覆盖）
+_camera_manager: CameraManager = None
 
-def register_main_routes(app):
+
+def get_camera_manager() -> CameraManager:
+    """获取摄像头管理器实例（支持依赖注入）"""
+    global _camera_manager
+    if _camera_manager is None:
+        _camera_manager = CameraManager()
+    return _camera_manager
+
+
+def set_camera_manager(manager: CameraManager) -> None:
+    """设置摄像头管理器实例（用于测试）"""
+    global _camera_manager
+    _camera_manager = manager
+
+
+def register_main_routes(app: Flask) -> None:
     """注册主路由到Flask应用"""
     
     @app.route('/')
-    def index():
+    def index() -> str:
         """主页面 - 显示6个摄像头的网格布局"""
+        camera_manager = get_camera_manager()
         cameras = camera_manager.get_all_cameras()
-        return render_template('index.html',
-                             cameras=cameras,
-                             current_time=datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
+        return render_template(
+            'index.html',
+            cameras=cameras,
+            current_time=datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
+        )
     
     @app.route('/api/cameras')
-    def get_cameras():
+    def get_cameras() -> Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Any]]]:
         """获取摄像头列表API"""
+        camera_manager = get_camera_manager()
         cameras = camera_manager.get_all_cameras()
         return jsonify(cameras)
     
     @app.route('/api/refresh/<int:camera_id>', methods=['POST'])
-    def refresh_camera(camera_id):
+    def refresh_camera(camera_id: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """刷新指定摄像头"""
+        camera_manager = get_camera_manager()
         success = camera_manager.refresh_camera(camera_id)
         return jsonify({'success': success, 'camera_id': camera_id})
     
     @app.route('/api/switch', methods=['POST'])
-    def switch_camera():
+    def switch_camera() -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """切换摄像头编号"""
+        camera_manager = get_camera_manager()
         data = request.get_json()
+        
+        if not data:
+            return jsonify({'success': False, 'error': '无效的请求数据'}), 400
+        
         camera_id = data.get('camera_id')
         camera_number = data.get('camera_number', 'mixed')
+        
+        if camera_id is None:
+            return jsonify({'success': False, 'error': '缺少camera_id参数'}), 400
+        
         try:
             url = camera_manager.get_camera_url(camera_id, camera_number)
             return jsonify({'success': True, 'url': url})
-        except Exception as e:
+        except ValueError as e:
             return jsonify({'success': False, 'error': str(e)}), 400
-    
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"切换摄像头失败: {e}")
+            return jsonify({'success': False, 'error': '内部服务器错误'}), 500
+    
+    @app.route('/api/health')
+    def health_check() -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """健康检查API"""
+        camera_manager = get_camera_manager()
+        is_connected = camera_manager.check_connection()
+        return jsonify({
+            'status': 'healthy' if is_connected else 'degraded',
+            'connection': is_connected,
+            'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat()
+        })